In the aftermath of the explosion, 14 miners managed to walk out, and one was carried to safety. The explosion was ultimately attributed to a lightning strike, according to the report.

Chris Hamilton, president of the West Virginia Coal Association, said the Sago disaster served as a catalyst for significant changes to both state and federal mining laws.

The Sago Mine is located in the southern part of Upshur County. 

Image: West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training

"Primarily to the design and construction approval of seals that are used to seal off areas of underground mining operations that are no longer active," he said.

The tragedy spurred advancements in mine safety technology and practices.

"The new laws extended to an underground shelter that could be utilized during mine emergencies," Hamilton said. "As well as escapeways that miners can use and training with miners as it relates to the use of the shelters, periodic experience and walking the escapeways."

The changes also mandated updated miner and supervisory training, Hamilton said.

This map displays the area where the explosion had taken place. 

Image: West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training

"Following the Sago Mine accident, the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, in conjunction with the West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training, developed mine rescue centers," he said. "And mine rescue teams comprised of state inspectors and state safety personnel as well."

For those who experienced the disaster firsthand, the lessons learned remain deeply personal.

Travis Hartsog, a project engineer with Alpha Engineering Services, who was working at Sago on a project when the incident occurred, recalled the urgency of the response.

This is a photo from a report from the West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training depicting the Sago Mine pit. 

Image: West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training

"As soon as I got the call that it had happened, we rushed to get up and start spotting some holes to drill," Hartsog said. "And try to find those guys as quickly as possible."

Hartsog described the incident as highly unusual.

"It's something that you would hope would never happen again," he said.

Mine safety laws have undergone significant improvements since the explosion, Hatsog said.

"Improvements, mine rescue team requirements, and hands-on training with Self-Contained Self-Rescuers — that's been especially good," Hartsog said.

Hartsog, who helped establish the WVU Mine Rescue Team, said his goal was to give students practical, real-world experience.

"The reason that I put it together and fought so hard to get it up and going was because I wanted something the students could take and relate to what they will be doing in their careers rather than just classroom learning," he said.

He highlighted the gap between theoretical knowledge and on-the-job realities.

"College gives you the basics and it trains you how to learn," he said. "But everyday stuff that you go through is more on-the-job training. By putting mine rescue into WVU, that gave them more of a view to look and see, 'Hey, this is what it's actually going to look like underground.'"

Inspectors going through the mine following the explosion in 2006. 

Image: West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training

Hamilton stressed the importance of ongoing efforts in mine safety.

"The perfection of mine safety requires continuous innovation and research," he said. "It also requires the skill level of individual miners to constantly improve, as well as training and the application of the training."

Safety remains the top priority for mining companies, Hamilton said.

"There were a number of research activities that were initiated as a result of the Sago accident," Hamilton said. "Those were expanded following the Aracoma Alma Mine accident."

Grant funding after these accidents was distributed to mining programs at universities and directed toward safety innovations and developments, Hamilton said.