December 19, 2025 - Weeks before a federal shutdown swept the nation, the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) announced a strategic move toward accelerating what Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum termed the nation’s “Energy Dominance,” economic growth and national security — locking sights on a 48-year-old Wyoming coal mine. In September 2025, the DOI approved a mining plan change from the Black Butte Mine Coal Company that would allow for the recovery of approximately 9.2 million tons of federal coal in Sweetwater County.

This news comes after two years of opposition spearheaded by Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon to new regulations set by the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Public Lands Rule which sought to enhance conservation of 245 million acres of federal public land. The Black Butte Mine submitted its initial expansion plans in 2014, moving on to secure lease approval and state permits by 2021. The project then remained at a halt while the Biden Administration shifted priorities away from coal mining toward projects that support clean energy generation, such as wind and solar. 

In 2024, Utah and Wyoming filed a joint lawsuit against the DOI and BLM, noting BLM’s failure to uphold obligations set by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The official complaint stated the Public Lands Rule sidesteps NEPA procedures, using the example of neglecting to pursue environmental studies of proposed sites.

On the day the DOI approved the Black Butte Mine expansion, Governor Gordon stated the implementation of the rule was a “prime example of federal overreach,” as the project takes a multi-use approach to public lands and minerals in the state. The DOI then announced its proposal to rescind the Public Lands Rule entirely.

During this period, conservation regulations left public lands vacant of new activity, having restricted access to land even for grazing, energy development, timber production or recreational usages. A ceasing of new coal mining activity left a lingering uncertainty in the state’s signature industry, which currently is responsible for two-fifths of all coal mined in the nation.

With fresh approval, the Black Butte Mine will recover coal from two new areas under development, known as Pit 10 and Pit 15. This will allow the company access to about 257 new acres and millions of tons of federal coal reserves. Increased capacity directly supports the Trump Administration’s April 2025 amendments to Executive Order 14241, calling for an immediate push to identify national coal reserves, lift coal mining barriers on federal land and strengthen domestic coal supply chains for energy generation.

This move allowed the Office of Surfacing Mining Reclamation and Enforcement to complete an environmental review of the Black Butte Mine in 28 days.